NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion

NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion

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NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion

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Social Cognitive Theory Model (SCT) are learned behavioral habits from observation and social interaction. The models state that human behavior is influenced by three major behavioral constructs and they are

cognitive influences on behavior, environmental influences on behavior, and supporting behavioral factors (Glanz et al., 2015). Cognitive influences on behavior depicts the ability of processing information, then

applying the knowledge, and changing preferences. There are four factors that describe this influential behavior and they are self-efficacy, collective efficacy, outcome expectations, and knowledge. Self-efficacy

describes the confidence to perform a behavior due to the individuals’ mastery of experiences. Collective efficacy is the ability of a group working together to achieve an outcome through teamwork, shared goals,

and communication. Outcome expectations are the outcomes from positive or negative actions, such as having sex without condoms, which increases the negative consequences of STD. Lastly, knowledge is the

understanding of the risk that comes with the behavior and the benefits of certain health practices NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion(Glanz et al., 2015). 

Environmental influences describe aspects that affect behaviors such as physical and social factors in the environment. There are four factors that describe this influential behavior and they are observational

learning, normative beliefs, social support, and barriers and opportunities. Observational learning is the act of learning a new behavior based on observation, such as role models, mass media, and celebrities.

Normative beliefs are behavioral aspects based on cultural norms and beliefs, along with providing intervention methods in correcting normative beliefs. Social support is the support and encouragement an

individual receives from their social network, such as offering to babysit for a mother who has a newborn. Lastly, Barriers and opportunities are social and physical elements that make behavior change harder or

easier to perform (Glanz et al., 2015). Supporting behavioral factors are actions that lead to health-enhancing to improve health or health-compromising which leads to poorer health. There are three factors that

describe this influential behavior and they are behavioral skills, intentions, and reinforcement and punishment. Behavioral skills are the abilities needed to achieve or perform a behavior such as playing sports to stay

fit and healthy. Intentions are the modifications of new or old behavior such as setting a goal and working towards it. Lastly, there are reinforcement and punishments which influence behaviors through the removal

and provision of rewards or punishment NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion(Glanz et al., 2015). 

Youths within a school have this normative belief that smoking is suitable because they observe their peers smoking and nothing is happening to them. Therefore, intervention methods need to be enacted to prevent

adolescents from partaking in tobacco use. An example of this situation can be demonstrated by the SCT model. A research was done on influencing youths’ normative beliefs regarding smoking, such as grouping

the children into a classroom and asking them to express the cons and pros of smoking. With this method, it is possible that the children can see for themselves the detrimental effect of smoking. Therefore,

correcting any misconceptions and social norms regarding smoking (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012) (Glanz et al., 2015). Therefore, SCT states that environmental influences, such as

normative belief can affect behavior through observation learning which is what the children did when they learned the pros and cons of smoking. Henceforth, this model is very appropriate and effective with the

example because the model works to correct normative beliefs’ misperception to change behavior and improve health (Glanz et al., 2015). Another model that is effective is the transtheoretical model because it is a

commonly used intervention method for smoking cessation by using its stages of change to alter behavioral change. The health belief model can also be used for this behavioral change because the models focus on

motivation and self-efficacy (Roberts et al., 2013).

Reference

Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2015). Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Roberts, J. N., Kerr, M. S., & Smith, S. (2012). Behavioral Interventions Associated with Smoking Cessation in the Treatment of Tobacco Use, Health Services Insights, 6, 79-85. Doi: 10.4137/HSI.S11092

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: Are port of the surgeon general. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

 

Respond to the bold paragraph ABOVE by using one of the option below… in APA format with At least two references and a minimum of 200 words….. .(The List of References should not be older than 2016 and should not be included in the word count.)

Ask a probing question.

Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.

Offer and support an opinion.

Validate an idea with your own experience.

Make a suggestion.

Expand on your colleague’s posting.

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.

It is important that you cover all the topics identified in the assignment. Covering the topic does not mean mentioning the topic BUT presenting an explanation from the context of ethics and the readings for this class

To get maximum points you need to follow the requirements listed for this assignments 1) look at the word/page limits 2) review and follow APA rules 3) create subheadings to identify the key sections you are presenting and 4) Free from typographical and sentence construction errors.

REMEMBER IN APA FORMAT JOURNAL TITLES AND VOLUME NUMBERS ARE ITALICIZED.

NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points:  Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points:  Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points:  References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated.  Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20:  The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors  10 points out 20:  The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20:  The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points:  The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements.  The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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