Forensic Anthropological Determination of Age
| Order ID | 53563633773 |
| Type | Essay |
| Writer Level | Masters |
| Style | APA |
| Sources/References | 4 |
| Perfect Number of Pages to Order | 5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Forensic Anthropological Determination of Age
Forensic anthropology is a branch of forensic science that focuses on the identification and analysis of human remains. One crucial aspect of forensic anthropology is the determination of age at death, which can provide valuable information for criminal investigations, missing persons cases, and archaeological studies. This determination is achieved through the examination of skeletal remains, utilizing various methods and techniques. In this essay, we will explore the forensic anthropological determination of age in detail.
Age determination in forensic anthropology relies on the fact that the human skeleton undergoes consistent patterns of growth and development throughout an individual’s life. Different bones and areas of the skeleton exhibit distinct features and changes that can be used to estimate the age at death. These features include the fusion of bones, changes in bone density, and the presence of specific markers or indicators.
The first step in age determination is to assess the overall age range of the individual, such as whether they are an adult or a subadult (a person who has not reached full skeletal maturity). This is done by examining the state of fusion and development of the long bones, such as the femur and humerus, as well as the fusion of cranial sutures. In adults, the epiphyses (the ends of long bones) are usually fused with the diaphysis (the shaft), while in subadults, these regions remain unfused. The presence or absence of dental development and eruption can also provide insights into subadult ages.
Once the general age range is determined, more specific age estimation methods are employed. In adults, these methods include analyzing changes in the pubic symphysis, the auricular surface of the ilium, and the sternal rib ends. The pubic symphysis, a joint in the pelvis, undergoes progressive changes with age, transitioning from a rough and irregular surface to a smooth, fused surface. Similarly, the auricular surface of the ilium, which is also part of the pelvis, undergoes age-related changes, such as the development of pits and grooves. The sternal rib ends show changes in texture and the formation of bony spurs over time.
Another crucial area of examination for age determination is the dentition. Teeth provide valuable information about both subadult and adult individuals. In subadults, the eruption and development of teeth can be used to estimate age. The sequence of tooth eruption and the stage of dental development can indicate the approximate age of the individual. In adults, dental wear, loss, and the presence of dental pathologies can provide insights into age. For example, tooth wear can be assessed by examining the occlusal surfaces, measuring the attrition of enamel, and analyzing the degree of dentin exposure.
In addition to skeletal indicators, forensic anthropologists may also rely on non-skeletal methods to estimate age. These include the examination of soft tissues, such as the condition of the skin, hair, and other external features. Soft tissue changes, such as wrinkling, graying of hair, and the presence of age-related conditions like arthritis, can be valuable indicators of age.
It is important to note that age estimation methods in forensic anthropology provide only approximations and ranges rather than precise ages. The accuracy of age determination is influenced by various factors, including individual variation, population-specific characteristics, and the presence of pathological conditions that may affect bone development and maturation.
Furthermore, forensic anthropologists consider multiple lines of evidence and employ statistical models to refine their age estimates. By integrating different skeletal features, combining methods, and utilizing reference data from known-age individuals, they can enhance the accuracy of age determination.
In conclusion, forensic anthropology plays a crucial role in age determination in cases involving human remains. Through the examination of skeletal features, dentition, and other indicators, forensic anthropologists can estimate the age at death of an individual.
Forensic Anthropological Determination of Age
RUBRIC | QUALITY OF RESPONSE | NO RESPONSE | POOR / UNSATISFACTORY | SATISFACTORY | GOOD | EXCELLENT | | Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) | Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. | 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. | 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. | 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. | 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. 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And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. | 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. | 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. 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There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. | 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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