BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
If you were asked to get a genetic test panel performed, which diseases or health risk would you be interested in learning about and why?
As a 35-year-old female, with family history of cystic fibrosis, hypertension, and heart disease who is not interested in having more children, I would want to check for these types of health risk. Doing a Nutrigenetics testing would be interesting to see how that plays a role in daily activities and food intake (Lewis, 2020, p. 421).
Knowing what a possibility is genetically of having such as osteoporosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or heart disease could help motivate for prevention (Lewis, 2020, p. 420). Listing cystic fibrosis, my curiosity is because I know my mother and father are both carriers. I have two children and one have asthma like symptoms constantly. BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
I chose to not be tested while pregnant and now I wonder if it is possible for him. However, it would have to be my husband and I both having the gene for CF. While it could be a coincidence, I often wonder about getting genetic testing for that reason.
Describe the biochemical composition, structure, and replication of DNA. Detail the role of specific RNAs in the process of protein transcription and translation.
The biochemical composition of the DNA is that DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid that can be located in chromosomes. It is the house of inherited information that is made up of nucleotides and it makes genes (Lewis, 2020, p. 168). DNA is a double helix that has a phosphate group, deoxyribose, and a base. BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
It has four bases which are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C) (Lewis, 2020, p. 168). The structure of DNA began in 1909 when Russian-American biochemist Pheobus Levene found the 5-carbon sugar ribose as part of some nucleic acids (Lewis, 2020, p. 168). Then in 1929, he discovered a similar sugar deoxyribose in other nuclei acids. BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
In the early 1950s, two lines of experimental evidence converged to connecting the dots that finally revealed the full DNA structure (Lewis, 2020, p. 168). The replication of DNA happens when it is copied so that the information can be maintained and passed to future cell generations. DNA replication happens during S phase of the cell cycle (Lewis, 2020, p. 174). It first unwinds and then separates.
The hydrogen bonding that holds the base pairs together break and two identical nucleotide chains are built from one (Lewis, 2020, p. 174). This is the new complementary pairs. The role of specific RNA is in the process of protein transcription and translation starts with cells using two process to manufacture proteins using genetic instructions.
Transcription first synthesizes RNA molecule that is complementary to one strand of the DNA double helix for a gene (Lewis, 2020, p. 174). The RNA copy is taken from the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. The process of translation takes the information in the RNA to manufacture a protein by aligning and joining the amino acids. Then, the protein folds into a three-dimensional form for its function (Lewis, 2020, p. 174).
Describe, in detail, one of the processes of cell survival. Describe how an abnormality in one of these cell functions causes cancer.
All of the genes that mutations increase susceptibility to, or cause cancer, affect three basic cellular pathways which is cell fate, cell survival, and genome maintenance (Lewis, 2020, p. 374). Cell fate is the differentiation or specialization.
Cell survival is the oxygen availability and preventing apoptosis. Genome maintenance refers to the abilities to survive in the presence of reactive oxygen species and toxins, to repair DNA, to maintain chromosome structure, and to correctly splice mRNA molecules (Lewis, 2020, p. 374). BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
A cancer cell has a different look than a normal cell. Cancer cells can be rounder than the cells they descend from because they do not conform to surrounding normal cells as strongly as other cells do (Lewis, 2020, p. 377). Their plasma membrane is more fluid, different substances cross it. BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
A cancer cell may have different antigens that are on other cells or different numbers of the antigens that are also on normal cells (Lewis, 2020, p. 377). Mitosis is similar to a runaway train that is racing along without signals or controls, this is the red flag. Cancer starts when a cell divides more frequently than noncancerous cells that is comes from (Lewis, 2020, p. 375).
The timing, rate, and number of mitoses a cell undergoes will depend on protein growth factors, the transcription factors from within, and signaling molecules from outside the cell. Cancer cells arise more quickly because mitoses are frequent (Lewis, 2020, p. 375). BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
However, the immune system steps in to destroy cancer cells after recognizing tumor-specific antigens on their surfaces. The checkpoints that control the cell cycle can reveal how the cancer started (Lewis, 2020, p. 375).
A mutation in a gene that normally halts the cell cycle can lift the constraint, leading to inappropriate mitosis. The failure to halt long enough to repair DNA can allow a mutation in an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene to persist. This loss of control can contribute to cancer by affecting the cell cycle (Lewis, 2020, p. 375).
Reference
Lewis, R. (2020). Human Genetics (13th Edition). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/books/9781260539189
BIO3344 Principles of Genetics Discussion Assignment
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. 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The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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